The Liberal Party took a decade to recover after Gladstones resignation, but the 1906 election a Liberal landslide ushered in one of the great reforming governments of the century, responsible for laying the foundations of the welfare state. The crisis round Lloyd Georges Peoples Budget of 1909 allowed the Liberals to break the power of the House of Lords, thereby dismantling a major barrier to progressive reform.
History (11)
Biographies (15)
Journal articles (50)
Books (7)
Meetings (13)
Archives: libraries (8)
Archives: individuals (1)
PhD theses (58)
Research (3)
Audio sources (2)
History
1906 Election
In the General Election of January 1906 the Liberals swept to victory in a landslide result, which saw the party win 400 seats. Conservative strongholds such as Bath and Exeter were conquered as Libe...
1909 People's Budget
The 1909 People's Budget was the Liberal Governments key weapon in instigating social reform and marked a final move away from the system of Gladstonian finance, which had seen the Liberals trad...
A concise history of the Liberal Party, SDP and Liberal Democrats
The Liberal Democrats are the successors to two important reformist traditions in British politics - those of liberalism and of social democracy, which became separated from each other in the early p...
Liberal Governments of 1905-15
The Liberal government which took office as a minority administration in December 1905, before securing an overwhelming popular endorsement at the General Election of January 1906, remained in power ...
Lloyd George on the Peoples Budget
Lloyd Georges 1909 Peoples Budget was devised to bring about social reform and featured increases in income tax and excise duties, new taxes on cars, petrol and land, and a new supertax for those wit...
Rainbow Circle
The Rainbow Circle was a dining club which comprised of a group of progressive politicians who met between 1894-1920. ...
The Liberals and Ireland since 1801
Underneath the surface of this [Irish question], and wrapped up in it, are nearly all the controversies of principle which will agitate the political atmosphere of our time. It is a microcosm of the ...
Women's Liberal Federation
The Women's Liberal Federation was formed between 1886 and 1887 under the presidency of Gladstone's daughter, Catherine and by the turn of the century, the organisation had around 60,000 me...
The New Liberalism
The disaster of the 1895 election, when the Liberals lost almost a hundred seats, struck a mortal blow at Rosebery's leadership and pointed to the urgent need for a new direction. Although for s...
Great Liberals
John Stuart Mill chosen as greatest British Liberal ...
Old heroes for a new leader
As we have done in each of the last two Liberal Democrat leadership elections, in 1999 and 2006, the Liberal Democrat History Group has asked both candidates for the Liberal Democrat leadership to wr...
Biographies
Biography of 1st Earl of Oxford and Asquith Herbert Henry Asquith
Asquith, Herbert Henry (Earl of Oxford)
Biography of Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman
Campbell-Bannerman, Sir Henry
Biography of Sir William Harcourt
Harcourt, Sir William
Biography of 1st Earl Lloyd George of Dwyfor David Lloyd George
Lloyd-George, David (Earl Lloyd-George and Viscount Gwynedd)
Biography of Earl Rosebery
Rosebery, Earl Of
Biography of L.T. Hobhouse
Hobhouse, Leonard Trelawney
Biography of John Atkinson Hobson
Hobson, John Atkinson
Biography of Wallas Graham
Wallas, Graham
Biography of Lord Christopher Addison
Addison, Christopher (Lord Addison)
Biography of Isaac Foot
Foot, Isaac
Biography of Viscount Herbert Gladstone
Gladstone, Herbert (Viscount Gladstone)
Biography of Viscount Edward Grey
Grey, Edward (Viscount Grey)
Biography of Sir Lord Melchett Alfred Mond
Mond, Sir Alfred (Lord Melchett)
Biography of Edwin Montagu
Montagu, Edwin
Biography of Viscount John Simon
Simon, John (Viscount Simon)
Journal articles
Hidden workers of the party
(from journal ' Journal of Liberal History 52 ')
The professional Liberal agents, 1885-1910
The 1906 landslide: the legacy
(from journal ' Journal of Liberal History 54 ')
Introduction to this special issue of the Journal, on the legacy of the 1906 Liberal government
James Wood: East Down's Liberal MP
(from journal ' Journal of Liberal History 58 ')
The life and political career of James Wood, victor of the East Down by-election in February 1902.
The Old Age Pensions Act, 1908
(from journal ' Journal of Liberal History 60 ')
Analysis of the introduction and implementation of the first state pensions, brought in one hundred years ago.
Asquith and the Liberal legacy
(from journal ' Journal of Liberal History 61 ')
Assessment of Asquith's record - in a lecture given to mark the centenary of the formation of Aquith's administration.
The 'People's Budget' a century on
(from journal ' ')
Examination of the genesis, content and impact of Lloyd George's famous Budget of one hundred years ago.
The 'People's Budget' a century on
(from journal ' Journal of Liberal History 64 ')
An examination of the genesis, content and impact of Lloyd George's famous Budget of one hundred years ago.
Problems of continuity
(from journal ' Journal of Liberal History 54 ')
The 1906 general election and foreign policy
'The strange case of Mr Rigg'
(from journal ' Journal of Liberal History 60 ')
The surprise Liberal victor in North Westmorland in the 1900 election proved to be something of a surprise himself.
Campbell-Bannerman and Asquith
(from journal ' Journal of Liberal History 61 ')
Analysis of the uneasy political relationship between the two Liberal leaders.
'Freedom not regimentation'
(from journal ' Journal of Liberal History 52 ')
Liberalism, garden cities and early town planning
The Peacemaker
(from journal ' Liberal Democrat History Group Newsletter 9 ')
How many people know that the first British recipient of a Nobel Peace Prize was a Liberal MP? This article charts the political career of William Randal Cremer (1828-1908).
The Liberal Party: Triumph and Disintegration 1886-1929
(from journal ' Liberal Democrat History Group Newsletter 1 ')
Review of G. R. Searle, The Liberal Party: Triumph and Disintegration 1886-1929
Economic strategies and the New Liberalism
(from journal ' Journal of Liberal History 54 ')
New Liberal economic strategies, including free trade and social reform
L. T. Hobhouse and J. A. Hobson: New Liberal influence on Third Way ideas
(from journal ' Journal of Liberal History 55 ')
What did Tony Blair draw from the New Liberalism of the Hobhouse and Hobson?
Lloyd George's Flintshire loyalist
(from journal ' Journal of Liberal History 57 ')
The political achievement of John Herbert Lewis MP (1858-1933).
The Liberal Party and womens suffrage, 1866-1918
(from journal ' Journal of Liberal History 62 - special issue: Women and Liberalism ')
Analysis of the relationship between the Liberal Party and the campaigns for womens suffrage.
Report: 'Taxes that will bring forth fruit' - The centenary of the People's Budget of 1909
(from journal ' Journal of Liberal History 63 ')
Report of meeting of 12 January 2009, with Kenneth O. Morgan and Vince Cable MP.
'A Very English Gentleman'
(from journal ' Journal of Liberal History 66 ')
The life of Captain the Hon. Thomas Charles Reginald Agar-Robartes, Liberal MP 1906, 19071.
The Liberal Party and the New Liberalism
(from journal ' Journal of Liberal History 67 ')
Examination of the relationship between the New Liberalism and the Liberal Party in the period around the Liberal victory of 1906.
Report: Does New Labour leave room for New Liberals?
(from journal ' Liberal Democrat History Group Newsletter 9 ')
Report of LDHG meeting of September 1995, on the New Liberal inheritance and its relevance to the political debate today, with Martin Kettle and John Curtice.
The development of th New Liberalism as a philosophy of transition
(from journal ' Journal of Liberal History 54 ')
The philosophy that underpinned the Liberal Party's revival in the 1906 election
The 1908 Hastings by-election
(from journal ' Journal of Liberal History 59 ')
The story of the first by-election to be fought after the introduction of the Liberal government's 1908 legislative programme.
Report: Campbell-Bannerman centenary commemorations
(from journal ' Journal of Liberal History 63 ')
Report on the commemorations of autumn 2008.
'Maistly Scotch': Campbell-Bannerman and Liberal leadership
(from journal ' Journal of Liberal History 54 ')
Assessment of the record of the man who led the Liberals into the 1906 landslide
A fine and disinterested spirit
(from journal ' Journal of Liberal History 57 ')
The life and activities of Aneurin Williams MP (1859-1924).
Individualist thought and radicalism
(from journal ' Journal of Liberal History 56 ')
Josiah C. Wedgwood's battle against the collectivists, 1906 - 1914.
Archive: The Papers of Herbert Samuel at the Parliamentary Archives
(from journal ' Journal of Liberal History 65 ')
'I am a Liberal as much as a Tory': Winston Churchill and the memory of 1906
(from journal ' Journal of Liberal History 54 ')
Examination of how Churchill frequently summoned up the memories of 1906 to bolster his own position in politics
George Jacob Holyoake
(from journal ' Journal of Liberal History 67 ')
Examination of how the life of Holyoake exemplified the development of popular Liberalism.
1906: Blissful dawn?
(from journal ' Journal of Liberal History 51 ')
Lecture to the Corporation of London, February 2006.
Politics and ponies
(from journal ' Journal of Liberal History 57 ')
Review of Garry Tregidga (ed.), Killerton, Camborne and Westminster: The Political Correspondence of Sir Francis and Lady Acland
Report: Founding the welfare state
(from journal ' Journal of Liberal History 61 ')
Report of fringe meeting of 14 September 2008, with Ian Packer and Joe Harris.
Strange survival
(from journal ' Journal of Liberal History 63 ')
Review of Green and Tanner (eds.), The Strange Survival of Liberal England.
The radical soul of Liberalism
(from journal ' Journal of Liberal History 52 ')
Review of J. L. and Barbara Hammond: The Village Labourer
Liberals in 1906: flourishing or doomed?
(from journal ' Journal of Liberal History 54 ')
Debate between David Dutton (pessimistic) and Martin Pugh (optimistic)
Edwardian Liberalism: ideology and political practice
(from journal ' Journal of Liberal History 55 ')
Review of Ian Packer, Liberal Government and Politics, 1905-15
Report: Fighting Labour - the struggle for radical supremacy in Scotland 1885-1929
(from journal ' Journal of Liberal History 65 ')
Report of a Liberal Democrat History Group meeting, 13 March 2009 at the Scottish Liberal Democrat Conference, with Professor Richard Finlay, Dr Catriona Macdonald and Jim Wallace. Chair: Robert Brown MSP.
The young Lloyd George and Wales
(from journal ' Journal of Liberal History 52 ')
Review of Emyr Price: David Lloyd George
Campbell-Bannerman
(from journal ' Journal of Liberal History 54 ')
Review of Roy Hattersley, Campbell-Bannerman
Wales of the future
(from journal ' Journal of Liberal History 57 ')
Review of Dewi Rowland Hughes, Cymru Fydd
The two great wartime leaders
(from journal ' Journal of Liberal History 58 ')
Review of Richard Toye, Lloyd George and Churchill: Rivals for Greatness
Asquith
(from journal ' Journal of Liberal History 54 ')
Review of Stephen Bates, Asquith
'Women's rights and women's duties'
(from journal ' Journal of Liberal History 53 ')
Review of Ursula Masson, Women's Rights and Women's Duties: The Aberdare Women's Liberal Association, 1891-1910
Lloyd George
(from journal ' Journal of Liberal History 54 ')
Review of Hugh Purcell, Lloyd George
British Liberalism and Irish Nationalism
(from journal ' Journal of Liberal History 59 ')
Review of Eugenio Biagini, British Democracy and Irish Nationalism, 1876-1906.
Review: Land and nation in England
(from journal ' Journal of Liberal History 65 ')
Review of Paul Readman, Patriotism, National Identity, and the Politics of Land, 1880-1914.
Balfour
(from journal ' Journal of Liberal History 54 ')
Review of E. H. H. Green, Balfour
Review: A tale of two symbols
(from journal ' Journal of Liberal History 65 ')
Review of Frank Trentmann, Free Trade Nation: Commerce, Consumption and Civil Society in Modern Britain.
Review: Edwardian Liberalism
(from journal ' Journal of Liberal History 65 ')
Review of H. V. Emy, Liberals, Radicals and Social Politics, 1892-1914.
Books
A Short History of the Liberal Party 1900-2001
A short, widely available and up to date introduction.
The Rise and Fall of British Liberalism 1776-1988
From the American Revolution to merger. Was the decline of Liberalism in the twentieth century inevitable?
British Liberalism: Liberal thought from the 1640s to 1980s
Extracts from Liberal thinkers from John Milton to the community politicians.
An Intelligent Person's Guide to Liberalism
The evolution of Liberal philosophy from the seventeenth century to the present. Essential reading.
The Optimists
The ideological perspective of Victorian Liberalism.
The Liberal Party: Triumph and Disintegration, 1886-1929
From the Third Reform Act to the failure of We Can Conquer Unemployment, an excellent summary.
Asquith
Asquith oversaw the foundation of a welfare state and reform of the Lords. The elegance of this biography matches the subject.
Meetings
Fighting Labour: the struggle for radical supremacy in Scotland 1885-1929
Friday 13 March 2009
The Liberal Democrat History Group is holding its first meeting in Scotland as part of the fringe at the Scottish Liberal Democrats' spring conference. The meeting will look back at the Liberal ...
'Taxes that will bring forth fruit' - The centenary of the People's Budget of 1909
Monday 12 January 2009
Following the introduction of Old Age Pensions by the Liberal government of H H Asquith in 1908 and the plans to legislate for limited unemployment and sickness benefit through National Insurance, Ch...
Founding the welfare state
Sunday 14 September 2008
A hundred years ago, in 1908, H. H. Asquith's government introduced the Old Age Pensions Bill. This was just the beginning of a comprehensive Liberal programme of social reform, including nation...
Rufus Isaacs
Wednesday 18 April 2007
The Marquess of Reading and David Howarth (Lib Dem MP for Cambridge) will talk on Rufus Isaacs, successively Liberal MP for Reading, 1904-13, Lord Chief Justice, Viceroy of India and Foreign Secretar...
Yellow Book versus Orange Book: Is it time for a new New Liberalism?
Wednesday 20 September 2006
A hundred years ago, the Liberal landslide victory in the 1906 election opened the way for a period of radical social reform based on the social-liberal ideology of the New Liberalism.
...
Blissful Dawn? The 1906 Election
Tuesday 7 February 2006
On 7 February 2006, the counting of votes was completed in the 1906 general election, and the Liberal Party had obtained a majority of 132 over all other parties. In addition, for the first time, 29 ...
Joseph Chamberlain and the unauthorised programme
Monday 25 July 2005
This meeting looked at Joseph Chamberlain and the unauthorised programme, and how this led to the loss of the Whigs from the Liberal Party and paved the way for the New Liberalism of the 1905 governm...
Liberals and organised labour
Friday 4 March 2005
The loss of the support of organised labour during the late Victorian and Edwardian period was a key factor in the decline of the Liberal Party as an electoral force.
...
Civil liberties in war and peace
Monday 24 January 2005
Law and order has long been a major issue in British politics.
...
Winston Churchill: A Liberal Politician
Monday 9 February 2004
It is often forgotten that Winston Churchill served in four different governments as a Liberal minister, between 1905 and 1922. Indeed, the year 2004 was the centenary of his joining the Liberal Part...
"Methods of Barbarism" - Liberalism and the Boer War
Monday 3 July 2000
"When is a war not a war?" asked the Liberal leader Campbell-Bannerman. "When it is carried on by methods of barbarism in South Africa."
...
Landslide for the Left
Sunday 22 September 1996
Massive Tory defeat .... sweeping opposition landslide victory .... major gains by small third party .... but what does the new government stand for other than opposition to unpopular Conservative po...
Does New Labour leave room for New Liberals?
Sunday 17 September 1995
The reforming Liberal Governments of 1906-14 helped lay the foundations of the British welfare state; amongst other achievements, they introduced old age pensions, national insurance and the principl...
Archives: libraries
Bodleian Library, University of Oxford
Archive Collections relating to Liberal history at the Bodleian Library ...
archive url: http://www.ouls.ox.ac.uk/bodley/library/specialcollections
Bristol University Library
The Liberal Party collections at the University of Bristol Library originate from the acquisition in 1976 of the Gladstone Library of the National Liberal Club ...
archive url: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/is/
Coventry History Centre
Liberal Collections in the Archives ...
archive url: http://www.theherbert.org/index.php/home/history-centre
Dundee City Archives
Liberal Collections at the Archives ...
Hull University Archives
The University of Hull's Brynmor Jones Library (BJL) has been collecting political archives and manuscripts ever since the foundation of the university, initially ...
archive url: http://www.hull.ac.uk/arc/
Manchester Archives and Local Studies
Liberal History Archives at Manchester Archives and Local Studies ...
archive url: http://www.manchester.gov.uk/libraries/arls/
National Library of Scotland
Sources in the Manuscripts Division of the National Library of Scotland for the study of the Liberals and Liberal Democrats ...
archive url: http://www.nls.uk/
National Library of Wales
Liberal Party Archives at the National Library of Wales ...
archive url: http://www.llgc.org.uk/
Archives: individuals
Sinclair, Archibald (Viscount Thurso)
Thurso Papers at the Churchill Archives ...
archive url: http://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/archives/
PhD theses
Arthur Markham (1866-1916): coal owner and Liberal M.P. for Mansfield, 1900-16
Leicester M.Phil. , 1991
Aspects of Liberal Unionist Party organisation, 1886-1895
Manchester M.A , 1973
Asquith, Home Rule and the Gladstonian tradition
Queens University Belfast Ph.D. , 1973
British Liberal leaders and the United States, 1874-98
Oxford D. Phil. , 1982
Campbell-Bannerman as Opposition leader, 1899-1905
Council for National Academic Awards Ph.D. , 1983
Conservatism and Liberal Unionism in Glasgow, 1874-1912
Dundee Ph.D. , 1983
English Liberal thought: problems of social reform, 1886-1914
Oxford D.Phil. , 1972
Factors and variations in Liberal and radical opinion on foreign policy, 1885-99
Oxford D.Phil. , 1950
For women, for Wales and for Liberalism: women in Liberal politics in Wales c.1883-1914
University of the West of England , 2007
Citation form:
PhD
Herbert Gladstone, Ireland and radicalism
Supervisor - Dr. Allen J. Warren
York, MA , 1999
Labour's attitudes to social reform, 1900-14
Supervisors - Professor Ian Levitt and Dr. Alan Pratt
Central Lancashire, M.Phil , 2002
Land, liberty and empire: Josiah C. Wedgwood and radical politics, 1905-24
Supervisor - Dr. Anthony C. Howe
London, Ph.D , 2003
Liberal and Labour politics in two Northumberland mining constituencies, 1885-1924
Council for National Academic Awards M.Phil. , 1989
Liberal Party organization and politics in Birmingham, Coventry and Wolverhampton, 1886-1914, with particular reference to the devopment of independent labour representation
Birmingham Ph.D. , 1978
Liberal policies and nationalist politics in Ireland, 1905-10
Kent Ph.D. , 1968
Liberalism and sociology: L.T. Hobhouse and political argument in England, 1880-1914
Cambridge Ph.D. , 1977
Liberals and the Labour Party, 1906-1914
Oxford D.Phil. , 1974
Lloyd George and Irish Home Rule, 1886-1914
Bristol M.Litt. , 1976
Lord Rosebery and Scottish Nationalism 1868-1896
Edinburgh Ph.D. , 1996
Monmouthshire and the Education Act, 1902: the 'Welsh revolt' of 1902-5, a study in conflict between national and local government in the field of education
London, M.Phil , 1996
Political realignment in England and Wales, c. 1906-1922
London Ph.D. , 1985
Popular liberalism in the English counties, 1885-1906
Supervisor - Mr. John M. Prest
Oxford D.Phil. , 1997
Radical Liberal criticism of British foreign policy, 1906-14
Oxford D.Phil. , 1965
Radical Liberals and Liberal politics, 1906-c.1924
Kent Ph.D. , 1980
Scotland and the Liberal Party, 1880-1900, church, Ireland and Empire: a family affair
Glasgow M.Litt. , 1978
Social reform in Edwardian Liberalism: the genesis of the policies of National Insurance and old age pensions, 1906-11
Durham M.A. , 1973
Some aspects of the history of the Liberal Party in Britain between 1906-1914
Oxford D.Phil. , 1962
Stuart Rendel (1834-1913) and his contribution to the development of a distinctly Welsh political programme within the Liberal Party between 1880 and 1895
Wales M.A. , 1977
The African policy of the Liberal government, 1905-09
Cambridge Ph.D. , 1963
The character of the British Liberal Party, 1908-18: a study of its character and disintegration
Cambridge Ph.D.
The constitutional thought of Winston Churchill, 1906-29
Supervisor - Dr. David J. Reynolds
Cambridge, M.Litt , 1996
The development of the Liberal Party in England, with special reference to the north-west, 1886- 1900
Oxford D.Phil. , 1971
The divisions of Liberalism: Newcastle politics, 1870-1902
Manchester Ph.D. , 1972
The education question and Liberal politics in N.E. England, 1868-1910
Newcastle M.Litt , 1985
The growth of Liberal organisation in Manchester from the 1860s to 1903
Manchester Ph.D. , 1956
The impact of Liberal welfare reforms in Southampton, 1906-14
Southampton M.Phil. , 1984
The imperial policy of the Liberal Party: the settlement of South Africa, 1902-10
Leeds Ph.D. , 1952
The intellectual duke: George Douglas Campbell, 8th duke of Argyll, 1823-1900
Edinburgh University , 2006
Citation form:
Ph.D
The Liberal Education Bills: conflict and compromise in religious issues and Liberal Party educational policies 1906-1908
Open University Ph.D. , 1994
The Liberal land campaign and the land issue, c.1906-1914
Oxford D.Phil. , 1995
The Liberal Party and foreign affairs, 1895-1905
London M.Phil. , 1969
The Liberal Party and South Africa, 1895-1902
Oxford D.Phil. , 1963
The Liberal Party in W.Yorkshire, 1885-95
Leeds Ph.D., , 1979
The Liberal Party on Merseyside in the 19th century
Liverpool Ph.D. , 1968
The Liberal Press and the rise of Labour: a study, with particular reference to Leeds and Bradford, 1850-1895
Leeds Ph.D. , 1974
The Liberal Unionist Party until December 1887
Edinburgh Ph.D. , 1955
The New Liberalism and the challenge of Labour in the West Riding of Yorkshire, 1885-1914, with special reference to Huddersfield
Council for National Academic Awards Ph.D. , 1985
The North of England Newspaper Company, 1903-1939: the declining political importance of a Liberal newspaper company
Newcastle upon Tyne Ph.D. , 2000
The Paradise Lost of liberalism: individualist political thought in late Victorian Britain
Oxford D.Phil. , 1989
The Parliamentary Labour Party and its relations with the Liberals, 1910-14
Aberdeen M.Litt. , 1967
The political and military career of Major-General J.E.B. Seely, 1868-1947
Southampton M.Phil. , 2001
http://www.history.ac.uk/ihr/Resources/Theses/tc02.html
The political career of Walter Runciman, 1st Viscount Runciman of Doxford 1870-1949
Newcastle upon Tyne Ph.D. , 1995
The radical thread - political change in Scotland: Paisley politics, 1885-1924.
Supervisor - Professor W. Hamish Fraser
Strathclyde, Ph.D , 1995
The Rev. James Brown Armour and Liberal politics in N. Antrim, 1869-1914
Belfast Ph.D. , 1979
The role of the Liberal Unionist party in British politics, 1886-95
London, Ph.D. , 1975
The social and political activity of the Cadbury family: a study in manipulative capitalism
Supervisor - Professor Roy A. Lowe
Wales, Ph.D , 2002
The social and political development of Keighley, with special reference to the response of the Liberal Party to the rise of Labour, 1885-1914
Council for National Academic Awards Ph.D. , 1991
The Wail of Jeremiah: the early career of C.F.G. Masterman as an expression of Edwardian Christian Socialism
London, Kings College Ph.D. , 1994
Research
Liberal policy towards Austria-Hungary 1905-16
Andrew Gardner
Contact: 17 Upper Ramsey Walk, Canonbury, London N1 2RP;
agardner@ssees.ac.uk.
Liberal Unionists
A study of the Liberal Unionist party as a discrete political entity. Help with identifying party records before 1903 particularly welcome.
Ian Cawood
Contact: Newman University Colllege, Birmingham, i.cawood@newman.ac.uk
Recruitment of Liberals into the Conservative Party, 1906-35
Aims to suggest reasons for defections of individuals and develop an understanding of changes in electoral alignment. Sources include personal papers and newspapers; suggestions about how to get hold of the papers of more obscure Liberal defectors welcome.
Nick Cott
Contact: 1a Henry Street, Gosforth, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE3 1DQ; N.M.Cott@ncl.ac.uk.
Audio sources
Asquith's 1909 budget speech
Lloyd George speaking in 1909
